In the year 1280, troops of the Emirate of Granada defeat those of the Kingdom of Castile and Kingdom of León (Jun 23), King Magnus III of Sweden founds a Swedish nobility, by enacting a law accepting a contribution of a cavalry member in lieu of ordinary tax payments (Sep 27), the Ancestors of the Māori people from eastern Polynesia become the first human settlers of New Zealand - and all these fine people were born:
1280-xxxx Birger* King of Sweden/son of King Magnus III of Sweden - (1321/c. 40)
1280-xxxx John II of Viennois* son of Humbert I - (1319/c. 39)
1280-xxxx Wu Zhen* 吴镇 Chinese painter during the Yuan Dynasty - Weitang (1354/c. 74)
In the year 1281, a second Mongol invasion of Japan is foiled as a large typhoon destroys much of the combined Mongol and Chinese fleet and forces (Aug 15), two Mongol armies advance into Syria (Sep), the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII is excommunicated by Pope Martin IV after he had authorized Charles I, king of Sicily, to make a Crusade against the Papal States (Oct 18)
1281-0804 Külüg Khan* emperor of the Yuan dynasty of China/nominal seventh Great Khan of the Mongol Empire - Khanbaliq, Yuan China (1311/29)
1281-1225 Alice de Lacy* English noblewoman - Denbigh Castle, Denbigh, Wales (1348/66)
1282 Individual post
In the year 1283, most of Dublin is burned in a fire (Jan 2), the prince of Wales, Dafydd ap Gruffydd, is found guilty of high treason and sentenced to death (Oct 3), Daniel of Moscow unites the west side of Russia and begins the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and an early European treatise on board games, Libro de los juegos, is commissioned by King Alfonso X - and all these fine people were born:
1283-xxxx Matteo Villani* Italian historian - Florence (1363/c. 80)
1283-03 or -04 Margaret, Maid of Norway* the queen-designate of Scotland - Tønsberg (1290/7)
In the year 1284, German warlord Trunda makes a campaign to Karelia to tax Karelians but is defeated by Novgorod (Sep 9), the Republic of Venice begins coining the ducat, a gold coin that is to become the standard of European coinage for the next 600 years.
1284-0425 Edward II of England* King of England and Lord of Ireland/married to Isabella of France - Caernarfon Castle, Gwynedd, Wales (1327/43)
In the year 1285, the Castilian King Sancho IV assembles his army at Seville against the forces of the Marinid Sultanate (May), Vietnamese forces defeat the Mongol-led Yuan fleet in the Battle of Chương Dương (Jun 24), the Aragon king Peter III dies (Nov 2), the Mongol Golden Horde attacks Hungary for the second time, and successfully subdues Slovakia (winter)
1285-0309 Emperor Go-Nijō* 後二条天皇 the 94th emperor of Japan - (1308/23)
1285-0325 Al-Mustakfi I* the third Abbasid caliph - Cairo, Mamluk Sultanate (1340/54)
1285-1206 Ferdinand IV of Castile* King of Castile and León - Seville (1312/26)
In the year 1286, the English king Alexander III dies, which sets the stage for the later First War of Scottish Independence (Mar 19), Henry II is crowned king of Jerusalem at Tyre (Aug 15), and Kublai Khan makes plans for a final Mongol invasion of Japan, but aborts the preparations due to shortage of resources.
1286-0202 Joan de Geneville* noblewoman - Ludlow Castle, Shropshire, England (1356/70)
1286-0904 John Mowbray* nobleman/ sheriff of Yorkshire/governor of York - England (1322/35)
In the year 1287, Aragonese forces led by King Alfonso III conquer the island of Menorca (Jan 17), Wales revolts against King Edward I due to high taxes (Jun 8), Mongol forces attack Poland for the third time, besieging Kraków (winter), and the construction of Uppsala Cathedral in Sweden begins (it lasts until 1435).
1287-0124 Richard de Bury* teacher/ bishop/writer - Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, England (1345/58)
1287-0615 Alice de Warenne* noblewoman - Warren, Sussex, England (1338/50)
1287-1101 Nasr of Granada* the fourth Nasrid ruler of the Emirate of Granada - Granada, Emirate of Granada (1322/35)
In the year 1288, a Mongol invasion to Vietnam is stopped in the Battle of Bạch Đằng (Apr 9), Sultan Muhammad II expels the rebellious Banu Ashqilula from Granadan territory in Al-Andalus (summer), (), the Parliament of Scotland creates a law allowing women to propose marriage to men during leap years; men who refuse such proposals are required to pay a fine to the spurned bride-to-be, and the oldest surviving bell in the dome of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome, is built.
1288-0120 Robert Lisle* nobleman/ soldier/priest - Campton, Bedfordshire, England (1344/55)
1288-0405 Emperor Go-Fushimi* 後伏見天皇 the 93rd emperor of Japan - (1336/48)
1288-1101 Ivan I of Moscow* Grand Duke of Moscow - Moscow, Duchy of Moscow (1340 or 1341/c. 52)
1288-1126 Emperor Go-Daigo* 後醍醐天皇 the 96th emperor of Japan - Heian-kyō, Kamakura shogunate (1339/50)
In the year 1289, construction of the Belaya Vezha tower in Belarus is completed, and so is the Conwy Castle in Wales.
1289-1004 Louis X of France* the French king who abolished slavery, emancipated serfs and readmitted Jews into the kingdom - Paris, France (1316/26)
Updated 23.1.2023
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