In the year 1260, Kublai Khan becomes a claimant to the Mongol Empire, after the death of Möngke Khan (May 5), the Cathedral of Chartres is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France (Oct 24), Croatia is divided into two sub-regions by King Béla IV of Hungary, the Japanese Shōgen era ends, and the Bun’ō era begins, and the German musical theorist Franco of Cologne advances a new theory of musical notation, in which the length of a musical note is denoted by the shape of that note, a system still used today.
1260- 0802 Kyawswa of Pagan* the last king of the Pagan dynasty of Burma – Pagan (1299/38)
In the year 1261, the Japanese Bun’ō era ends and the Kōchō era begins (Feb), Al-Mustansir becomes the first Abbasid ruler in Cairo (Jun 13), as a tactical measure, Kublai Khan releases 75 Chinese merchants captured along the border of the Mongol Empire, and the Byzantine Empire reconquests Constantinople (Jul 25)
1261-0211 Otto III, Duke of Bavaria* King of Hungary and Croatia - Burghausen, Kingdom of Bavaria (1312/51)
1261-0228 Margaret of Scotland* Queen of Norway – Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England (1283/22)
1261-0301 Hugh Despenser the Elder* chief adviser to King Edward II of England - England (1326/65)
1261-1009 Denis of Portugal* King of Portugal/son of Afonso III of Portugal - Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal (1325/63)
In the year 1262, Castilian-Leonese forces conquer Cádiz, the city that has been under Moorish rule since 711 (Sep 14), and the Icelandic Commonwealth enters into the Old Covenant, establishing a union with Norway and acknowledging King Haakon IV as its ruler. and Alfonso X of Castile commissions Yehuda ben Moshe and Isaac ibn Sid to compile the Alfonsine Tables, describing the movement of the planets.
1262-0505 John Hastings* soldier/baron - Allesley, Warwickshire, England (1313/50)
1262-0805 Ladislaus IV of Hungary* King of Hungary and Croatia - (1290/27)
In the year 1263, the Norwegian King Haakon IV sets sail to defend the Hebrides in an attempt to reassert Norwegian sovereignty over the Western Isles of Scotland (Jul), and by the end of October, the Viking fleet reaches Orkney, where Haakon becomes ill and dies (Oct 3), Magnus VI succeeds his father Haakon IV as king of Norway (Dec)
1263-0122 Ibn Taymiyyah* Syrian philosopher - Harran, Sultanate of Rum (1328/c. 64)
1263-0208 Afonso of Portugal* son of King Afonso III of Portugal - Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal (1312/49)
In the year 1264, Muslim rebel forces, supported by Muhammad I, ruler of the Emirate of Granada, capture several cities in southern Spain (Aug), Castilian forces under Alfonso X recapture Jerez de la Frontera (Oct 9), and Kublai Khan is acknowledged as sole ruler of the Mongol Empire, and moves his capital to the Chinese city of Dadu (modern-day Beijing).
1264-0121 Alexander, Prince of Scotland* heir apparent/son of King Alexander III of Scotland - Scotland (1284/20)
In the year 1265, in Westminster, the first elected English parliament conducts its first meeting in the Palace of Westminster, later to be known as the Houses of Parliament (Jan 20), and the Isle of Man comes under Scottish rule, and the brewing of Budweiser Budvar beer begins in Bohemia - produced continuously there to this day.
1265-xxxx Dante Alighieri* Italian poet/ writer (Divine Comedy)/philosopher – Florence, Republic of Florence (1321/c. 56, dob approx)
1265-0510 Emperor Fushimi* 伏見天皇 the 92nd emperor of Japan (1317/52)
1266 Individual post
In the year 1267, King Henry III of England acknowledges Llywelyn ap Gruffudd’s title of Prince of Wales, and the city of Ostrava is founded,
1267-0410 James II of Aragon* King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica/son of Peter III of Aragon - Valencia (1327/60)
1267-1217 Emperor Go-Uda* the 91st emperor of Japan - Mansion of Tsuchimikado-dono, Heian kyō (1324/56)
In the year 1268, a five-year Byzantine–Venetian peace treaty is concluded between Venetian envoys and Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos (Apr 4)
1268-xxxx Eric II of Norway* the eldest surviving son of King Magnus the Lawmender of Norway - Kingdom of Norway (1299/c. 31)
In the year 1269, King Louis IX orders all Jews found in public without an identifying yellow badge, to be fined ten livres of silver, and also confiscates goods from them to fund the Eighth Crusade (Jun 19), and the French mathematician Pierre de Maricourt proposes that a machine can be run forever in perpetual motion using the properties of magnets.
1269-xxxx Huang Gongwang* painter/ poet/writer - Changshu, Jiangsu, Song dynasty (1354/c. 85)
1269-0618 Eleanor of England* the eldest surviving daughter of King Edward I of England - Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England (1298/29)
1269-0710 Emperor Duanzong* the 17th emperor of the Song dynasty of China - Lin’an, Song dynasty (1278/7)
Updated 12.3.2023
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